Pronomen Avancerad
Advanced Swedish pronouns
Relativa pronomen
Relative pronouns refer back to the nearest preceding word, phrase, or clause (= korrelat). Som is the most common; vilken/vilket/vilka replaces som after prepositions (formal). Vars is the genitive form. Vilket can refer to an entire clause. Vad (som) needs no korrelat and often follows allt. You can omit som when it is not the subject of the relative clause. Relative clauses follow bisatsordföljd.
| Pronomen | Syftning | Exempel |
|---|---|---|
| som | substantiv/pronomen (sg & pl) | Mannen som bor här är läkare. |
| vilken/vilket/vilka | efter preposition (formellt) | Kassaskåpet, i vilket de förvarar smycken… |
| vars (vilkas) | genitiv | Trädet vars löv skiftar i färger… |
| vilket / något som | verb, verbfras eller hel sats | Sverige förlorade, vilket var oväntat. |
| vad (som) = det (som) | inget korrelat behövs | Vad som förvånar mig är att… |
Determinativa pronomen
Determinative pronouns point forward, usually to a relative clause that cannot be omitted. The noun after a determinative pronoun is usually in indefinite form. Independently: den som, det som, de som.
| En-ord | Ett-ord | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Förenade | den | det | de |
| Självständiga | den (dens) | det | de; dem |
Demonstrativa pronomen
Demonstrative pronouns point out what is being referred to. They are usually stressed and can refer both backward and forward. Denna/detta/dessa is mostly written language. Denne (masculine) replaces a personal pronoun for clarity in formal style. Densamma/detsamma/desamma = the same one.
| En-ord | Ett-ord | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| den här / den där | den här | det här | de här |
| denna (formellt) | denna | detta | dessa |
| denne (mask.) | denne | — | — |
| sådan | sådan (sån) | sådant (sånt) | sådana (såna) |
| samma | samma | samma | samma |
| densamma | densamma | detsamma | desamma |
| dylik | dylik | dylikt | dylika |
Indefinita pronomen – man
Man functions as a personal pronoun with a complete set of forms. Object: en (or sig reflexive). Possessive: ens. Reflexive possessive: sin/sitt/sina.
| Subjekt | Objekt | Reflexivt | Possessivt | Refl. possessivt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| man | en | sig | ens | sin, sitt, sina |
Indefinita pronomen – negation
As an object, use inte + någon/något/några instead of ingen/inget/inga in two cases: (1) main clauses with compound tense, particle verbs, or verb + preposition; (2) all subordinate clauses. In simple main clauses as subject, ingen is used directly.
Syftning — pronomenreferens
A pronoun must clearly refer to one specific word, phrase, or clause. Ambiguous reference is a common error. Key rules: (1) a relative clause with som should follow its referent immediately; (2) sin/sitt/sina vs hans/hennes must match the correct subject; (3) vilket referring to a whole clause should not be confused with som referring to a single noun.